Jean Jacques Rousseau Critique - 1360 Words

Jean-Jacques Rousseaus philosophy of education known as negative education (Entwistle in Bayley, 89) describes many valid concepts which are still applied in todays educational system. Although his philosophy is reasonable in terms of its ideas, his contradictions make it such that it would be difficult to apply realistically as pedagogy. Rousseau was a French philosopher of the eighteenth century, he argued that children should not be told what to learn, instead they should learn for themselves through experiences and his pedagogies of negative education, the discipline of natural consequences, and the discipline of lost opportunities (Entwistle in Bayley, 89). He believed that anything man-made was corrupt and that children†¦show more content†¦Schools today also reflect Rousseaus idea by having different grade levels. As each grade level progresses, the work gets more rigorous. Although there are some contradictions and exaggerations in his philosophy, the ideas behind ne gative education are valid. The Quebec schooling system today is different than from his time, but there are still schooling institutions using his philosophy today. II. Moral Education: The Discipline of Natural Consequences The Discipline of Natural Consequences emphasizes Rousseaus belief in learning rather than teaching. A more effective way of teaching principles to a child is through cause and effect. Children do not want to plainly be told what is right or wrong, what they can or cannot do all the time. If the child is put in situations where he or she will suffer the consequences of doing something wrong, the child will learn what is right. If the child learns from the consequences, he will realize that doing that action causes him pain and will want to stop doing the same mistake again. Rousseau believes that the tutor should not correct the childs mistake because nature will take its toll and teach him that lesson (Entwistle in Bayley, 93-94). Rousseaus example in the story of Emile shows that even when Emile breaks a window in his room, the tutor doesnt replace it, therefore leaving Emile to suffer the consequences ofShow MoreRelatedJe an Jacques Rousseau And The Discourse On Inequality1546 Words   |  7 PagesJean-Jacques Rousseau, A Discourse Upon the Origin and the Foundation of the Inequality Among Mankind â€Å"In fact, the real source of all those differences, is that the savage lives within himself, whereas the citizen, beside himself, knows only how to live in the opinion of others; in so much that it is, if I may say so, merely from their judgement that he derives the consciousness of his own existence,† (Rousseau) The quote deriving from one of history’s most powerful and opinionated critique toRead MoreModern Liberalism and Political Policies1337 Words   |  6 PagesModern Liberalism Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau’s political philosophies and theories each differ from one another’s, but these three philosophers have all staked their claims as to what man would be like, prior to the formation of the state. This is the State of Nature. Their notions on the social contract reflect their position on the political spectrum. These three philosophers also examine the purpose and function of the government to individuals of the state. Modern liberalismRead More Philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment Essay examples1477 Words   |  6 Pagesdrinking spots. The ideas of philosophes during the Enlightenment challenged whole societies. Some of philosophes include Denis Diderot, Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, Immanuel Kant, Adam Smith, Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Voltaire. In the mid eighteenth century, the Encyclopedia was published. It was written under the leadership of Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d’Alembert. Over one hundred French thinkers contributed to the Encyclopedia, including all of the major French philosophes. DiderotRead MoreThe Political Landscape Of France1367 Words   |  6 PagesBaron de Montesquieu and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, both paved the way for the French and other Enlightenment revolutions during the 18th and 19th centuries. Although neither of the men saw the manifestations of their ideas in the American or French Revolutions, their influence is unquestionable to these movements. Without the political and economic atmosphere in France and Europe during the 18th and 19th century, the ideas and beliefs of thinkers like Montesquieu and Rousseau would not have affectedRead MoreRousseau s Influence On Society1443 Words   |  6 PagesHarmon Rousseau Influence on Society Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a philosopher and writer of the 18th century. Rousseau’s political philosophy influenced a lot of people and was well know for his work. His philosophy had a great impact that influenced the French Revolution and develop the modern, political, sociological, and educational thought. Rousseau wanted to influence his political concepts that were important to him and wanted to develop a new way of thought. In his work, Rousseau talks aboutRead MoreExploring Karl Marx and Jean-Jacque Rousseaus Views on Freedom1541 Words   |  7 PagesWhile the writings of Karl Marx and Jean-Jacque Rousseau occasionally seem at odds with one another both philosophers needs to be read as an extension of each other to completely understand what human freedom is. The fundamental difference between the two philosophers lies within the way which they determine why humans are not free creatures in modern society but once were. Rousseau draws on the genealogical as well as the societal aspects of human nature that, in its development, has strippedRead MoreJohn Locke s Theory Of Theory And Social Discourse1253 Words   |  6 Pagesargued for a government featuring a societal sovereign that protected property. A half century later, Jean Jacques Rousseau published Discourse on Inequality, a piece that explored the proprietary origin and distribution of equality while subtly critiquing John Locke’s the ories. By the time Karl Marx began to explore bourgeois society and its shortcomings, Rousseau was an established Locke critique who Marx’s On the Jewish Question and Communist Manifesto could contend with. The largest point of contentionRead MoreAnalysis Of Jean Jacques Rousseau And Denis Diederot s Nephew1439 Words   |  6 Pagesof Jean-Jaques Rousseau’s in Emile, or On Education, and Denis Diederot’s, Rameau’s Nephew. The misdirected view of women’s education and the over utilization of reason and logic to justify moral behavior neglects to see the multidisciplinary thought on education. My perspective offers insight into how there are several contradictions in the texts that highlight the importance of holistic education for men and women. Introduction One of the principal characteristics of Jean Jacques Rousseau andRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Enlightenment1601 Words   |  7 Pagesreform. Philosophers and thinkers were crucial to the progress of the enlightenment. Thinkers such as Immanuel Kant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Locke, and Adam Smith were prominent figures of the enlightenment. They questioned religion, promoted secularism, and freedom. Most believed that the government was to be an extension of the people and should not be totalitarian. Locke and Rousseau were focused on protecting the people’s rights. Adam Smith focused on the economic aspects and promoted a free economyRead MoreRousseau s Influence On Politics And Literature1991 Words   |  8 Pagesof work that is wide and very influential supplemented by other pieces of work that he later came up with such as Discourse Sur l’origine De L’inegalite and other drafts that he had made of the constitutions for both Poland and Corsica. G enerally, Rousseau is seen as a moralist rather than a metaphysician in the sense that he is unavoidable while learning about history and political influence in relation to the French revolution and as well a political theorist. His thoughts are well thought out and

The Importance of Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Essay

â€Å"An Army leader is any one who by virtue of assumed role or assigned responsibility inspires and influences peoples to accomplish organizational goals. She or He motivates people both inside and outside the chain of command to pursue actions, focus thinking, and shape decisions for the greater good of the organization.1† But for him to do that effectively and efficiently , he has to be prepared, shaped and refined. There are few institutions to prepare such leaders and CGSC is one of those institutions which are mandated, organized and equipped to prepare such leaders. In implementing its mandate, CGSC has programmed ILE common core C 100 to provide foundations for effective leadership development. The lessons covered in this block of†¦show more content†¦Therefore, using the techniques, knowledge and experiences obtained during the lesson on critical thinking, I will be able to approach problems creatively, reason critically and ensure efficient and effective s olution of problems. Another lesson which has impacted me so greatly is the group decision making. This lesson covers important and relevant areas of collective nature such as types of group decisions, decision making models as well as symptoms of group thinks. For example, in my military carrier, I attended some group meetings where we were required to come up with group decisions. Since there were many diverse opinions, those decisions ended up being taken either in a unilateral, hand clasp, clique or baiting form. But, I did not know that it was unprofessional until when I attended this lesson. Further more, I did not know that there existed decision making models, let alone the symptoms of groupthink. Therefore, this lesson has opened my eyes and provided me with basic professional management ability to effect group decision making by, as Janis put it, encouraging â€Å"an open atmosphere, assigning the roles of devil advocate, limiting premature seeking of concurrence, correcting misperceptions and errors and improving the group’s decisional methods3†. Overcoming biases in military analysis and decision making was anotherShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking and Decision Making Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesinfers the ability to think. Critical thinking is asking the right questions about the information we are presented with on any given situation. Or as Brown and Keeley put it, it is asking critical questions. (Pg. 2) To put it more specifically, asking critical questions provide(s) a structure for critical thinking that supports a continual, ongoing search for better opinions, decisions, or judgments. (Brown and Keeley, 2000, Critical Thinking, Asking the Right QuestionsRead MoreWhat Are Your Opinions About?1224 Words   |  5 PagesI remember a number of occasions during my early years when I would try to argue with my mother, and in my mother tongue, she would repeatedly say the same words; words that loosely translate to the English language as â€Å"invest a few moments in â€Å"thinking†; it will pay good interest. I never really understood what my mother’s words meant, until a few years ago when I realized that she had been advising me to think critically. In our world today, arguments or discussions about one’s point of view withRead MoreEssay on Critical Thinking1261 Words   |  6 Pages The concepts of critical thinking and creative thinking are both gaining increasing importance in the world today. Critical thinking allows people to understand difficult concepts in a manner that is clearer and more defined. They can more readily understand those concepts if they employ critical thinking. In all portions of everyday life, a person is expected to make independent judgments. Those judgments are based on experience and knowledge. Without the ability to think critically, everyRead MoreCritical Thinking and Creative Problem Solving Essay example1118 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Thinking and Creative Problem Solving Critical Thinking and Creative Problem Solving Critical thinking and creative problem solving working together can enhance a person’s creative skills. However, if there is not a correct balance between the two, a person may not find the correct resolution. To find the right balance between critical thinking and creative problem solving, one must understand the similarities and differences between the two. 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Critical thinking means how well a persons ability to think clearly, logically and intelligently about what to do or what to believe. In the essay following, I will include a detailed explanation of what critical skill is and clearly evaluate the importance for meRead More Thinking and Decision Making Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesThinking and Decision Making When it comes to the reasoning and problem solving of any issue there are various ways to come to a decision; thinking is the mental process that allows the people in the world to deal with it effectively, according to set goals, plans, ideas, and desires. Thinking involves the gathering of information that forms concepts and engages in problem solving, reasoning, and making precise decisions for the benefit of whom is concerned. Thinking according to Kirby andRead MoreThree Important Academic Skills for College Students Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pageswriting classes first is that they have to learn not only writing techniques, but also the way of thinking which enable them to go through studying ahead of them. In his essay The Politics of Remediation, Mike Rose mainly suggests three academic skills that are essential for college students. The importance of these skills can be more clear and profound by comparison with other three essays; Critical Thinking by bell hooks, What H appens When Basic Writers Come to College? by Patricia Bizzell, and TheRead More Critical Thinking and Decision Making Essay588 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Thinking and Decision Making In the corporate environment critical decisions must be made, sometimes quickly, whether because of changes in market conditions, corporate profits, or corporate performances. The decision-making process is vital to good management in today’s work environment. This paper will examine the relationship between critical thinking and the decision making process, explain what the textbook authors believe, and relate how both apply to today’s workplace. CriticalRead MoreHow Do Schools Help Children Develop Critical Thinking Skills And Move On From Concrete1062 Words   |  5 PagesIt’s Critical to Get Children Thinking Although schools have recently incorporated requirements to help the development of critical thinking, it remains a skill that is often learned outside of the classroom. Through the program of Common Core, schools have created an environment of higher standards and problem solving courses. Along with critical thinking, abstract thinking looks at the deeper meaning of things, and they both begin in young ages in children. The jump from concrete to abstract

Strategic Human Resource Management Evaluation

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Human Resource Management Evaluation. Answer: Introduction This report focuses on the evaluation of the issues related to human resource management in the organizations. For this purpose, Billabong International is selected, the main emphasis will be on the issues relating to recruitment and selection in the company. Billabong International Limited was established in the year 1973 with its headquarters in Burleigh Heads in Australia. It deals in the marketing and distribution of accessories, hard goods, eyewear, apparel and wetsuits in different regions of the world such as Europe, Asia Pacific and America (Billabong International, 2016). It also offers snow and sport apparel, hardware products and accessories, skate and surf under different brand names such as Billabong, Kustom, Palmers, Xcel, Von Zipper and so on. It operates approximately 400 retail stores across the globe under different banners such as Amazon, Surf Driven Ski, Two Seasons and so on. The company employs approximately 5000 staff across its stores in the world. The company distributes its products in approximately 100 countries in the world. The distriubution is done through specialized board sports retailers. Majority of its revenue is generated from its wholly owned operations in Japan, New Zealand, Brazil, South Africa, North America and Australia (Billabong International, 2016). Human resources are the vital resource of the organization as it facilitates in directing their efforts towards the optimum utilization of the available resources to meet the common goal and objectives of the organization. There are many issues related to human resource management that are faced by the organization such as issues relating to performance management, recruitment and selection, pay structure and training and development. This report emphasizes on the recruitment and selection issues faced by Billabong International (Affirm Software Group, n.d.). Companies make heavy investments to recruit and select new employees in order to meet the changing needs of the business environment. Different challenges faced by the companies include brain drain, scarcity of skills, unemployment, expertise in labor market and high labor turnover. Along with this, at the time of recruitment and selection companies also faces difficulty due to presence of lack of effective human resource planning, usage of information technology, geographical locations of jobs and many more (Zinyemba, 2014). Such challenges have an adverse impact on the operations carried out by the organization. This results in lack of transparency in the organization Besides this, it also leads to occurrence of untrustworthiness of employees and involvement of favoritism in the external and internal recruitment. Effective management of recruitment and selection process in the organization facilitates in making efficient decisions related to a prospective candidate. Proper human resource planning helps in achieving the goals and objectives of the organization in an effective manner (Affirm Software Group, n.d.). Analysis of the issue Billabong International makes recruitment and selection of the new hires on a seasonal basis. There is a requirement of large number of employees during Chirstmas as there is a heavy load of customers buying products. In order to handle large pool of customers in organization, the company recruits casual and permanent employees during peak periods. Causal employees are recruited for a fixed period of time and a contract is signed between the Billabong and the employees. The company provides information related to their contract, policies, forms and information about the company prior to their joining in the organization (Affirm Software Group, n.d.). When employees join the company then they return the material received to the human resource team of the organization. The manual system used to store information encounter different errors due to the reason that the candidate provided incorrect information. This results in affecting the performance of the human resource team as they hav e to devote lot of time in getting and recording the information ((Storey, 2007). This is due to presence of the records in paper which might cause problems due to missing of the papers from candidates and stores. It is a time consuming process and require large number of labor for the purpose of maintaining the records of the candidates intact. Nowadays, candidates prefer to use technology for the purpose of getting information related to different policies and procedures carried out in the organization. Rapid changes in different business factors force companies to adopt to the changes in order to remain competitive in the environment ((Fottler, Khatri and Savage, 2010). In the context of Billabong, there is a need to make changes in the processes adopted by Billabong as it results in providing inaccurate information related to candidates which results in making ineffective selection of the employees in the organization. For effective recruitment and selection procedure, there is a need of effective human resource planning for the purpose of determining the requirement of the human resources in the organization. It also facilitates in getting information related to the job responsibilities and authorities to be executed in a particular job. Besides this, the company felt that the manual system of recruiting potential candidates through the use of manual system does not aligned with the policies and procedures carried out by the business and results in increasing the competition from its rivals ((Perkins, Shortland, 2006). The main reason behind bringing improvement in the recruitment and selection process is that the adoption of the manual system results in increase in the cost and time to be devoted in the process. Besides this, it also results in requirement of large number of human resources to maintain the information recorded manually. Besides this, there is an occurrence of the dynamic changes in the business environment such as technology which might help in reducing the time to be devoted in maintaining the records in an easy manner. Bringing improvement in the existing system of recruitment and selection process of the candidates facilitates in improving the overall performance and productivity of the human resource department. This also helps in improving the overall productivity of the organization (Baker and Doran, 2007). Besides this, it also help in attracting large number of skilled candidates which helps in achieving competitive advantage over its rivals. Besides this, implementation of the new technology in the organization helps in creating a common communication platform that helps different stakeholders of the company to communicate with each other. This helps the employees to discuss their problems with other employees so as to take proper decisions in less time. In addition to this, implementation of the new technology also helps new hires or employees to get knowledge regarding Billabong in advance so that they understand the working processes before joining the company. Along with this, it also facilitates in providing information related to their employment contracts in an electronic form so that they can store it in a safe place (Mathis, et al 2016). Along with this, introduction of the new system in the organization helps in elimination of the entry of the data twice and the time required to process the paper work. In addition to this, it also reduces and eliminate the need to courier the documents to new hires and stakeholders as all the relevant information is provided in an electronic form (Mathis, et al 2016). A case of change Billabong International plans to adopt Affirm Software for the purpose of providing onboard experience. Employees have the tendency to resist change as they are not familiar with the objectives that are fulfilled by the system. The company has adopted transformational leadership style which takes into consideration the thoughts views and knowledge of the employees to implement the change in a successful manner. When employees and other stakeholders take part in the implementation of the change in the organization, the change will be implemented in the successful manner. The developer of the system asks employees regarding the problems faced by them in the manual system of providing information to potential candidates (Deb, 2006). In addition to this, leaders provide clear information related to objectives, policies and procedures required to be adopted to implement the change in a successful manner. The leader acts as a change agent and provides information related to the benefits of the adoption of the new technology in the organization. The leader has organized training programs in order to provide training to existing employees regarding the skills required to perform the task in an effective manner. This help employees to adopt the changes bought in the organization (Deckop, 2006). Affirm Software is adopted by the organization in order to provide online business process solutions to the organization. Besides this, it also facilitates in overcoming the problems faced by the employees regarding on-boarding challenges. This software help candidates to provide accurate information which in turn facilitates in storing and recording of the information by the existing employees of the organization. The company has taken 6 weeks to accept the change in the organization in the form of Affirm Software (Perkins, Shortland, 2006). Adoption of the affirm software results in the increase in the performance and productivity of the existing employees as it eliminates duplication of the data entry by the use of paper. It has also provided a facility to new recruits to complete their on-boarding by the use of i-pads and mobile phones (Stredwick, 2005). Feedback has been received from the human resource team and hiring managers regarding the adoption and implementation of Affirm Software. There is a receipt of positive feedback from the human resource team and it is implemented in a successful manner. Along with this, the company has also received positive feedback from the new hires as they can retrieve important and relevant information about the company such as overview of the company, different practices carried out by the company in relation to work (Fallon and McConnell, 2007). Comparison of human resource practices in Billabong and Quicksilver Quicksilver provides information related to the vacancies available in the company on its website. Potential candidates can submit their resumes on the website by viewing the desired responsibilities and eligibility criteria and then the applications are shortlisted and candidates are called for interview for the purpose of carrying out the selection procedure for the candidates. Besides this, the potential candidates can view information related to the company on its website before joining the company which help them to understand the working environment (Anderson, 2004). This helps them to achieve the common goal of the business in an effective manner. Along with this, it also help the human resource team to shortlist the resumes of the potential candidates due to the use of advanced technology which saves time and cost of executing the operation. It also results in the elimination of the duplicate entry of the data received from the candidate. The execution of the technology helps in enhancing the speed of the execution of the business operations and helps in improving the productivity and performance of the team and the whole organization (Burke and Cooper, 2005). Along with this, human resource team takes a preliminary interview via telephone or video conferencing before the final selection of the candidate which also helps in screening of the candidates in a quick manner. In addition to this, the company provides employee benefits by executing different programs such as work/life quality programs like discounted health insurance, paid maternity leave, social club and so on which helps in increasing the commitment level of the employees and helps in retaining them for a long term (Fottler, Khatri and Savage, 2010). Besides this, there is also an occurrence of different training programs which helps in upgrading and developing existing and new skills in the employees. Along with this, the company also provides financial well being initiatives for those employees who are working with the company for more than 10 years. This results in reducing the employee turnover and absenteeism of employees in the organization. Along with this, it has also e stablished a common communication platform through which employees can easily interact with each other and make decisions in an effective manner (Hall and Hall, 2003). In contrast to this, Billabong International before the implementation of Affirm Software has to collect the information related to potential candidates in a manual manner which results in the occurrence of human errors. Besides this, it is considered to be a time consuming process as there is an occurrence of lot of paper work. The information related to different policies and procedures is sent by post to the onboard employees (Storey, 2007). Now, the company provides a facility to different potential candidates to gain information related to different vacancies from the website and can submit their resumes which can be shortlisted by the human resource team of the company in an electronic form. This results in save of time and cost incurred in the execution of the tasks. Besides this, different training programs are organized by the company for the purpose of upgrading the skill set of the employees. This motivates them to take challenging tasks and complete it effectively (Price, 2011). Recommendations For the purpose of implementing the required change in the organization, first of all, there is a requirement of assessing the reason for implementing the change. The human resource team faces many problems while performing their tasks in a manual manner. It is recommended that the managers of the organization should provide full information related to the benefits of adoption of the new technology (Sims, 2007). There is a presence of high resistance of employees towards change because they are not familiar with the skills that are required to perform the tasks using the Affirm Software. The company should provide adequate training to its existing employees so that they can perform the tasks of recruitment and selection in an effective manner. It is also recommended that the company should also provide a common communication platform in the organization so that employees can interact with each other regarding the problems faced so that effective solutions can be communicated to them instantly which in turn facilitates in quick decision making by the employees (Amos, Ristow, Pearse and Ristow, 2009). It is also recommended that the managers of the organization should allow full participation of the employees in the development of the system by taking their views and opinions related to the problems faced by them in providing excellent on board experience. This help the developers of the system to include those features which make the software user friendly and results in the improvement in the performance and productivity of the employees in the organization. Engagement of the employees in the change process helps in increasing the motivation level of the employees to perform the challenging task with ease. The adoption of the Affirm Software helps in making selection of the casual employees effectively as there is no occurrence of the mistakes in recording information due to the presence of automated system during Christmas (Dransfield, 2000). It is also recommended that before bringing change in the organization, there is a need to evaluate different factors that affect the performance of the employees and the organization. After the analysis of the factors the best suited system should be selected that aligned with the goals and objectives of the organization. It is also recommended that increase in the performance and the quality of the services provided by the organization should encourage improvement in the pay structure by entitling the employees to performance benefits to recruit large number of candidates to meet the demand of manpower in the organization (Armstrong, 2006). Reference list Affirm Software Group n.d., Billabong Group: Case Study, viewed on 21 December 2016, https://www.affirmsoftware.com.au/pdfs/Billabong-CaseStudyFinalWeb.pdf Amos, T, Ristow, A, Pearse, NJ and Ristow, L 2009, Human Resource Management, Juta and Company Ltd. Anderson, V 2004, Research Methods in Human Resource Management, CIPD Publishing Armstrong, M 2006, A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, Kogan Page Publishers Baker, JR and Doran, MS 2007, Human Resource Management: A Problem-solving Approach Linked to ISLLC Standards, RL Education Billabong International 2016, Corporate Overview, viewed on 21 December 2016, https://www.billabongbiz.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=154279p=irol-irhome Burke, RJ and Cooper, CL 2005, Reinventing Human Resource Management: Challenges and New Directions, Psychology Press Deb, T 2006, Strategic Approach to Human Resource Management, Atlantic Publishers Dist Deckop, JR 2006, Human Resource Management Ethics, IAP Dransfield, R 2000, Human Resource Management, Heinemann Fallon, LF and McConnell, CR 2007, Human Resource Management in Health Care: Principles and Practice, Jones Bartlett Learning Fottler, MD, Khatri, N and Savage, GT 2010, Strategic Human Resource Management in Health Care, Emerald Group Publishing Hall, MLL and Hall, CAL 2003, Human Resource Management in the Knowledge Economy: New Challenges, New Roles, New Capabilities, Berrett-Koehler Publishers Mathis, RL, et al 2016, Human Resource Management, Cengage Learning Perkins, SJ, Shortland, SM 2006, Strategic International Human Resource Management: Choices and Consequences in Multinational People Management, Kogan Page Publishers Price, A 2011, Human Resource Management, Cengage Learning Sims, RR 2007, Human Resource Management: Contemporary Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities, IAP Storey, J 2007, Human Resource Management: A Critical Text, Cengage Learning EMEA Stredwick, J 2005, An Introduction to Human Resource Management, Routledge Zinyemba, AZ 2014, The Challenges of Recruitment and Selection of Employees in Zimbabwean Companies, International Journal of Science and Research vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 29-33.

Mrs Dalloway

Mrs Dalloway-Time Essay Mrs DallowayIn Virginia Woolfs Mrs Dalloway, the representation of time and attitudes towards history, are one of the central experiences within her novel. Originally called The Hours, Woolf explores the existence of different time frameworks. The four main frameworks explored in the novel are clocktime, subjective time, historical and evolutionary time. Woolf deals with the transience of time in human existence. Life is portrayed in a state of constant creation, changing endlessly from moment to moment. The characters are pre-occupied with the essence of time. They are acutely aware of the moment as it passes, compounding their thoughts, feelings and apprehensions of the physical world in which the character moves. Others who live simultaneously yet individually also correlate the intimate connection of the moment to their own existence. At the same time, these experiences capitulate moments of similar experiences of the past through links of association. Through analysing the conne ction between the time frameworks, Woolf attempt to make a statement of human existence, and their ability to value the acts of war and patriotism, rather than acknowledge their true identity. The first and perhaps most noticeable, is the existence of an objective or clocktime framework. As we follow the lives of the characters, particularly the world of Clarissa Dalloway, we are constantly reminded of the regular passage of time, signaled by the striking of the clocks. Apart from the obvious usefulness it has in the daily lives of the characters, namely in the planning of Clarissas party, there is a second more prominent reason for its inclusion in the novel. The narrators function by announcing the chiming of the bells acts as a reminder of the ungoverned nature of time, and its inability to be restrained regardless of human desires. ..First a warning, musical; then the hour, irrevocable. The leaden circles dissolved in the air(pg6)The clear distinctions in time are highlighted by the momentary lapses back into reality bought about by the symbolic striking of the clock, emphasizing the hour in real terms. The constant chiming serves as an impersonal reminder of the present. In contrast to clocktime, is the framework of subjective time. Subjective moments are those in memory that can be recalled, but never relived. Such a timeframe is unlike clocktime, as it does not flow evenly yet at the same time is not momentary, and can be orchestrated by the individuals conscious recall. Its ability to not die away rapidly allows for it to exist in the individual’s mind, and by such existence, is generally memorable or of some importance to the person. In Mrs Dalloway, we see the characters recall the summer at Bourton, and their belief of how it has been crucial in determining their lives. This time in their lives, w hether in the past or future, is of significance, and therefore they have vivid memories of it. For Septimus, it is the death of his friend Evans that invades his subjective mind. His inability to control his memories results in his subjective time becoming frozen at that moment so that he lives it over and over again in various guises. For Peter Walsh, it is when ..He had found life like an unknown garden, full of turns and corners, surprisingly, yes; really it took ones breath away, these momentslike this moment, in which things came together;this ambulance; and life and death.. (pg136). Clarissa encounters also Only for a moment, she had a illumination; a match burning in a crocus; an inner meaning almost expressed (pg30). These fleeting experiences of revelation, their submerging into the subjective world, is short lived as they are brought back to the present by the switching to clock time, and again resumes their practical, social life. Although their individual revelations differ from one another, they are brought into a relationship by shared experiences, of watching the motor-car in which the Queen may be sitting, of gazing at the aeroplane sky-writing, or even the vague awareness of the chimes of Big Ben striking throughout the day. As Woolf illustrates in Mrs Dalloway, there is a close relationship betwee n the two frameworks of clocktime- the practical time to engage with the world, and the subjective time where a deeper, more enduring meaning to existence holds prominence. Virginia Woolf does not attempt to explain these meaning of these timeframes, but merely illustrate their existence. These moments can be unclear and interchangeable, but upon their reflection there is a essence that there is more to existence that patriotic pride of warfare. It is this point that Woolf establishes. A third framework of time in the novel is that of historical time. This specifically lies in the grouping of time periods in history based in significant historical events. Although the event of the Great War is of such historical magnitude, the novels ruling classes are portrayed to be living in a state of disguised decadence, and are clearly not aware on the importance of the War. Lady Bruton is a striking representation of this class. Although from a military family, she displays an incredible igno rance in failing to respond to what is happening in the world. Her traditions, mainly of archaic military and imperial origin, are in themselves representatives of historical views shared by the classes of the time. It is through the commemorative monuments scattered throughout London, and their reminders of the past, that we see Virginia Woolfs most obvious representation of history in the novel. By such military ties, Woolf illustrates the ability that traditional culture has to deny the reality of war by covering it with images of glamour and heroism. It also links the sentimental patriotic pride and attachment society has with warfare and its associations with royalty. By mention of the poor woman, nice children, orphans, widows, waiting to see the Queen go past in her car (pg18), the reader is given an insight into English culture, and their love of royalty, despite their solemn existence. In the character of Mr Bowley, we are given perhaps the most noticeable example of this. Described as sealed with wax over deeper sources of life (pg18), we see an individual who has suppressed the real world to the extent that he is unable to feel authentic emotions, yet is brought to tears over the visual presence of the royal car is seen passing through the streets of London. Personal Strengths And Weaknesses EssayYork Notes. Mrs Dalloway Virginia Woolf : York Notes. Harlow England: York Press 1986. Reprint 1997. Lee, Hermione. The Novels of Virginia Woolf. Methuen London. 1977Rose, Phyllis. Woman of Letters: A life of Virginia Woolf. Routledge and Kegan Paul London: 1978 (Ch7)Guiguet, Jean. Virginia Woolf and her Works. Hogarth Press London: 1965. Allen, Walter. The English Novel. Harmondsworth: England. 1954. Pg 348-351

Tahoe Essay Research Paper The Lake Tahoe free essay sample

Tahoe Essay, Research Paper The Lake Tahoe Basin is one of the most beautiful and olympian natural lakes in all California, if non the United States. Its ecosystem has been enduring as a consequence of our modern ways. Human development in the country has caused a figure of jobs in the wellness of the woods, and air quality. These elements have contributed, in add-on to other pollutants, to the now decreasing lucidity and cleanliness of the lake itself. Environmental consciousness, nevertheless, has made environmental issues more outstanding in the political sphere. In recent old ages, the figure of State and Federal funded plans protecting the environment, have significantly increased. In the pages that follow, we will be looking at the importance of keeping a balanced and healthy ecosystem, and how the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency was created to transport out the necessary actions to make so. Somehow, through the patterned advance of clip, the human species surpassed all of the other animate beings in the wild. We will write a custom essay sample on Tahoe Essay Research Paper The Lake Tahoe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We reached the point of the agricultural revolution, which took topographic point in the Fertile Crescent. It was at that place that our ascendants cultivated the land, and planted a monoculture in the dirt. They did non cognize back so it would ensue in run outing the dirt of foods, caused by cultivating a monoculture in topographic point of the natural polyculture. Finally, the harvest would neglect, the dirt would be unable to foster turning flora, and the husbandmans would travel on. The land would stay impoverished and useless to husbandmans. Two hundred old ages ago, the industrial revolution took topographic point. Modern civilisation had genuinely begun. Large metropoliss became even larger. Factories were more common, and more efficient, as a consequence of modern machinery. The fume began wallowing from mill smokestacks, the job with pollution had merely begun. In the early twentieth century, the motor vehicle became rather popular in the United States. Since so autos hold become more low-cost, and are owned and used by a bulk of the population. Our technological promotions have made our criterion of life addition. However, the consequences of these alterations has caused a lessening in the regard we give to nature. My point in telling the major phases of development is to indicate out that modern society flourished, and as a consequence we failed to acknowledge the topographic point in nature from which we came. The ground Lake Tahoe is so of import is that action has been taken to salvage this powerful look of nature. Lake Tahoe is located about four hours east of San Francisco. The Lake itself sits on the boundary line between Nevada and California. The country was foremost discovered by the Washoe Indians. They named the Lake Da-ow-a-ga, which translates to inch of the lake. Early adventurers, unaccustomed to the Native American idiom, interpreted this name as Tahoe. When John Freemont came through the country he renamed it Mountain Lake. It was besides called Lake Bigler for a piece. Then, in 1945, William Henry Knight, with the audience of Dr. Henry Degroot, renamed it Lake Tahoe, believing it meant large H2O, or high H2O in the Native Washoe Indian linguistic communication ( www.tahoeinfo.htm ) . In the early 1860 s Pioneers came to the country in hunt of Ag. They traveled on Bonanza Road, now known as Highway 50. It was at this clip that the ecological harm to the Lake Tahoe Basin began. The colonists began logging the woods extensively for excavation intents, every bit good as development. The cutting down of trees continued until there remained no pick but to halt, as a consequence of overharvesting ( www.tahoeinfo.htm ) . In the early 1900 s word had reached the affluent households of San Francisco. They were now cognizant of nature s Eden, located so near to the metropolis. This became their holiday retreat. The popularity of the Lake resulted in the development of hotel casinos. Harvey s Wagon Wheel and Gambling Hall opened in 1944. In the 1950 s competition grew. The snow-clad mountain tops were transformed into ski resorts ( www.tahoeinfo.htm ) . From that clip until the present the popularity of the country has merely increased. For illustration, in 1960, the Winter Olympic Games were held in Squaw Valley ( www.tahoeinfo.htm ) . This event gave Lake Tahoe worldwide acknowledgment. Peoples come from all over the universe to see the overpowering natural phenomenon for themselves. Closing it off from human usage would be the most good state of affairs to salvage the Lake and its milieus, but that would non be in conformity with the modern outlook. As a consequence of acknowledging that Lake Tahoe needed its really ain guardian angel from the hazards of modern civilisation, the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency was created. The Tahoe Regional Planning Compact was amended on December 19, 1980. This bistate compact, between Nevada and California, required that a Environmental Threshold Carrying Capacities to find what the job countries were, and how to travel about puting criterions for ordinance. The compact determined that Lake Tahoe itself, and other resources of that part are threatened with impairment or devolution. The country possesses unreplaceable environmental and ecological values ( TRPA ) . It was decided that the country was sing trouble in resource usage, and environmental depletion. Continued development and urbanisation are increasing the environmental jobs of the country. Guaranting the societal and economic wellness of the Basin relies on maintaining and protecting the scenic, recreational, educational, scientific, natural, and public wellness values of the part. It is in the public s involvement to protect, continue, and heighten the declared values. In an effort to continue the natural beauty and outdoor diversion of the Basin, it is pertinent to happen and keep an equilibrium between the natural elements and the semisynthetic 1s. It is necessary that a Tahoe Regional Planning Agency be established. This bureau will possess the ability to set up Environmental Threshold Carrying Capacities. It will besides hold the power to follow and implement a regional program and implement regulations. These steps will ensue in the care of the capacities and at the same clip, make possible organized and regulated growing and development ( TRPA ) . The bistate Compact has defined environmental threshold transporting capacity as an environmental criterion necessary to keep a important scenic, recreational, educational, scientific, or natural value of the part or to keep public wellness and safety within the part. The Regulating Body and Advisory Planning Commission of the TRPA conducted public hearings. They were non required to make so by the Compact, nevertheless, the unwritten testimony and documental grounds helped find, and form, the threshold capacities ( TRPA ) . The threshold development was a four measure procedure. The first measure was to conveying together province, federal, and local bureaus, in add-on to the general populace. The plan was besides implemented to increase the public s consciousness, and to supervise the advancement of the survey. It was besides used to find major involvements in the country, both public and private. It besides helped find which countries needed more focal point, and narrowed the range of thresholds to be determined. Measure figure two identified the variables that were impacting each environmental facet. In the 3rd measure, cause and consequence relationships were determined and evaluated, harmonizing to how they affected a peculiar resource. Step figure four established the mechanisms necessary to accomplish or keep the thresholds. The Regional Plan was developed in conformity with the determined thresholds, and environing issues. Data was collected, and a recommende vitamin D program was developed. A scoping study was issued in September of 1982. This was a sum-up of the proposed Plan and its development procedure. It identified preliminary ends, and possibilities of program options. In October of 1982, public engagement plans were conducted. These public plans besides helped find countries of involvement to concentrate on ( TRPA ) . An Environmental Impact Statement was released in February of 1983. The EIS consisted of program options, runing from maximal ordinance to renovation. Remarks were received from six parts outside of Lake Tahoe, in add-on to remarks from Advisory Planning Commission and Governing Board. The program was subsequently amended, and eventually adopted in April of 1984 ( TRPA ) . It was decided that if the elements of the program could non be implemented due to legal struggle, or deficiency of support that options would be considered. A struggle declaration method would be used, known as a Consensus Building Workshop, CBW. Through this procedure the cause of the struggle would be determined, and declaration would be reached ( TRPA ) . There is a hierarchal relationship under which the model is determined in relation to the virtues for undertakings. At the top of the hierarchy is the Tahoe Regional Planing Compact. The relationships of the involved ends, programs, and ordinances are shown on the undermentioned page in figure 1. The model word picture was taken from the Goals and Policies lineation of the TRPA. The Regional Goals and Policies were determined by the Environmental Threshold Carrying Capacities and the Environmental Impact Statement. It besides included other already bing jurisprudence and programs, and incorporated those with public sentiment. As a consequence, the Regional Plan provides co-ordinated and incorporate way for the Agency s regulative codification and execution of plans ( TRPA ) . Other programs and mention paperss included the Federal 208 Water Quality Plan, The Federal Air Quality Plan, and the California Regional Transportation Plan. The duties of transporting out these different policies was assumed by the TRPA. The TRPA maps under a Regulatory Code. In implementing ordinances, and programs, they are required to make so under the commissariats of the Goals and Policies Plan. The Goals and Policies Plan can be found in the Code of Ordinances, the Rules and Regulations of Practice and Procedure, and the Administrative Regulations. The policies outlined in the Goals and Policies Plan are a guideline to implement monitoring and rating plans, the capital betterment plans, and the Restoration plans. Through these plans, the Agency is able to accomplish and keep thresholds. Land usage, for each country, is determined by Plan Area Statements. This is utilised to place be aftering issues and set up specific way for be aftering to run into the policy discretion of the Goals and Policies Plan. The lone manner a PAS can be overridden is by a Community Plan ( TRPA ) . One of the major subscribers to the air, and H2O pollution jobs comes from vehicles runing in that locality. Presently, there are eight different populace transit services which operate in the Lake Tahoe Basin Area. These include the Tahoe Regional Area Transit, the Tahoe Trolley, which operates during the summer merely, the Truckee Trolley, and the South Lake Tahoe Area Ground Express. There is besides the Bus Plus, which is for the aged, and the Nifty Fifty-Trolley, every bit good as ski birds and casino birds ( www.keeptehoeblue.com ) . The services do non presently operate in concurrence with one another. In fact, many provide service in overlapping countries. As a do the country is sing unneeded traffic and pollution. In add-on to this, public transit is so inefficient that some countries are left with no service at all. The facet of public transit was evidently a major point for the TRPA to focal point on. A program has been drawn up and will be put into consequence in the summer of 1999. The Coordinated Transit System, CTS, will supply service to riders by a fixed path. They will besides be able to name in to bespeak pickup. This system merely integrates a few of the presently running services ( www.keeptahoeblue.com ) . It is, nevertheless, a measure toward deciding the job. There is a undertaking, which is presently in the planning phases, which will advance the usage of alternate fuel vehicles. Transportation service suppliers will be encouraged to buy alternate fuel vehicles. Compressed Natural Gas, CNG, will hopefully, in the close hereafter, take the topographic point of dodo fuel for public transit vehicles. It is besides within the guidelines of the proposed program to construct a fueling installation in the South Lake Tahoe Area ( TRPA Memorandum ) . It can clearly be seen that the Tahoe Regional Planning Compact was set up with really peculiar regulations, ordinances, and waies to supply the country with the much needed way to convey about a positive alteration. The Lake will one time once more have the lucidity, which made it so pristine, before worlds made their grade on the land everlastingly. Once once more, the great woods will boom unharmed by the toxic pollutants, and emanations that motor vehicles now release into the air. We will happen a happy medium between a modern manner of life, and still be able to populate in conformity with a Eden which was here long before us. We must use political power to assist protect a universe which gave us life, and nurtures us, still today. It seems as though conservationists are ever endangering us with universe devastation if we do non happen a manner to cut down our waste production, and finally, pollution of the environment. Many people are now inquiring why. Why is it so highly of import for us to alter our awful wonts? If people really took the clip to believe about what it is we are making to the ecosystem, I believe a alteration in day-to-day wonts would be more executable. Without esteeming the natural order of wilderness, we threaten the endurance of worlds, other species, and the Earth. This beautiful planet of ours, when left entirely is able to keep its ain balance of life and decease, creative activity and devastation. We are obligated to happen a manner to let this life, which has everything to make with ours, to last the manner it is meant to, of course. All beings have been created, and have evolved, in a peculiar mode, and each has a occupation to make. Each carries out an activity of its ain. If they happen to make so to our benefit, it is merely by opportunity, for they are non here merely to assist worlds ; to believe that is far excessively anthropocentric. The universe was non put here for worlds to govern and suppress. We must be at peace with our milieus. Without taking any steps to continue nature we will witness our ain self- devastation. To forestall our extinction we must continue wilderness. If non for any other ground, we should protect nature to salvage our ain lives. This may really good be the lone manner to acquire our lazy, egoistic, and mercenary human race to make anything for another living thing. Without continuing wilderness we will discontinue to be. The importance of the TRPA is rather apparent. Without the Compact itself, the Lake Tahoe Region would still be in great danger of entire devastation. The bistate understanding is like none other. It allows two separate entities to come together for the common good. The plans now working in the Tahoe Basin set an illustration for local, province, and federal authoritiess. Hopefully it is merely the beginning of a tendency to regulate development, through policy-making and policy reform, and guarantee nature a opportunity to be after we are gone.

20 Biology Essay Topics What to Discuss about Alfred Russel Wallace vs Charles Darwin

20 Biology Essay Topics What to Discuss about Alfred Russel Wallace vs Charles Darwin If you are tasked with writing a controversial essay on the topic of Alfred Russell Wallace versus Charles Darwin, it is important that you pick a controversial topic about which you can substantiate an argumentative paper. If you are having any difficulties finding the perfect topic, look over the list of 20 topics below: Apply Wallace’s Idea in an Animal Species of Your Choosing That Variation in Animal Species Is Indicative of the Necessary Changes The Impact of Darwin’s Work on His Colleagues How Publishing Books Compares to Publishing Articles in Academic Journals (is Darwin better known around the world then and today because he published multiple books widely available to the masses, or would he have been less famous if he followed in the footsteps of Wallace and published only academic journal articles for those within his field?) How Darwin Influenced His Field Compared to How Wallace’s Impact What Impact Can the Length of Time Have on Biological Studies? (comparing the notes by Wallace and Darwin from Brazil, and the amount of time each spent there) â€Å"The Descent of Man† and the Impact It Continues to Have Today The Formal Education: Wallace vs Darwin Did Darwin Steal Wallace’s Theory of Natural Selection? â€Å"The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals† and the Impact It Had at the Time of Its Publication The Comparison of Two Different Adaptations Made by Two Species Living in Different Ecosystems (e.g. the development of improved hearing and the loss of eyesight for lizards that dwell in pitch black caves in South America compared to now-land-based species which have grown larger eyeballs since emerging from their prehistoric ocean-based counterpart) How Important Is Formal Education? (Wallace didn’t get formal education) Why Both Wallace and Darwin Discovered the Theory of Natural Selection Independently but Only One is Referred to Today How Wallace’s Concept That Each Part of an Animal’s Organization Can Be Modified as Necessary to an Exact Specification to Prevent Extinction Can be Applied to People Living in Space The Events Which Caused Wallace to Go from Being the Most Famous Biologist around the World at the Time of His Death, to be Overshadowed After Why â€Å"Darwin Theory of Evolution† Today Changed from Its Original â€Å"The Darwin-Wallace Theory of Evolution† The Theory of Evolution and What Evidence Is Presented to Support It â€Å"The Power of Movement in Plants† and How It Is Relevant Today Why Do Certain Organizations Continue to Ignore the Theory of Natural Selection and Evolution? The Importance of Information Presented by Both Wallace and Darwin in Today’s World The Impact That the Findings of either Wallace or Darwin Has Had on Other Fields Beyond Biology Sample Essay: Theories of Evolution and Natural Selection The Theory of Evolution and that of Natural Selection were proposed in 1859 and have since remained ignored by individual sections of society. Certain organizations continue to ignore the theory of natural selection and evolution because of its conflict with their personal beliefs. This is something namely associated with religious organizations, as many of Darwin’s counterparts accepted his beliefs after a few decades. Charles Darwin published his book on the idea of natural selection and the theory of origins in 1859. This book details how every species originates from common ancestors and how each species has the unique ability to adapt itself over time to existing environments. Traits which are no longer viable to the overall survival of a species are eventually removed from the genetic code of the species, replaced by more desirable traits. Upon publishing this information, many scientific members of the community did not agree with all of the information being presented. It took decades for all members of the educated and scientific communities to come around to acceptance, something which took place after substantial review of the data and evidence Darwin presented. Upon confirmation that he was not the only one to present such findings, this theory was widely accepted. Darwin began to discuss the implication of these findings with other communities, such as philosophers and religious leaders. Then, as it remains today, many religious units fail to accept the theory of evolution in the face of substantial scientific evidence. Certain religious groups, such as those following Ken Hamm, do not accept the theory or the evidence because they claim the scientific method itself to be flawed, to be a unique way of testing data which they do not accept. Other religious groups such as Protestant followers do not accept the theory of evolution or natural selection because it implies that all beings originate from the same ancestor and in the book of Genesis in the Old Testament, there are verses which state that it was a deity who created a list of species one day after the next, and not that all species came from one another. For this reason, many groups refuse today to accept the scientifically proven results presented by Darwin. References Darwin, Charles, Frederick Burkhardt, and Duncan M. Porter.  The Correspondence of Charles Darwin. Vol. 13. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Darwin, Charles.  More letters of Charles Darwin: a record of his work in a series of hitherto unpublished letters. Vol. 2. D. Appleton, 1903. Darwin, Charles, Paul Ekman, and Phillip Prodger.  The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Oxford University Press, USA, 1998. Spruce, Richard, and Alfred Russel Wallace.  Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon and Andes. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, 2014. Wallace, Alfred Russel.  The geographical distribution of animals: with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the earths surface. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, 2011. Wallace, Alfred Russel, and James Marchant.  Alfred Russel Wallace: letters and reminiscences. Harper, 1916. Wallace, Alfred Russel, and Sir James Marchant.  Alfred Russel Wallace. Cassell, Limited, 1916.

Sustainable Construction Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9750 words

Sustainable Construction - Dissertation Example The concept of lean production started as a response to the perceived problems of Engineer Ohno, the maker of Toyota, to fordism (Womack, Jones, Roos, 1990), which prior to 1950s, was the primary theory that supported and enhanced the concept of mass production. Though, mass production had in itself some goods that have given humanity and the contemporary world a new face , it has failed to integrate the crucial factor in the production process – human beings coming together to create some value from that which is raw. It is in this perspective that the innovativeness of the Egan and Latham report is distinguished marked for. As the two reports dwell on the apparent underachievement of the construction industry, both have shown that there is an alternative means that can surge forward the house building industry and global competitiveness. The key is the application of the basic principles of lean production to the construction industry in the United Kingdom; .which in Koselaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s term came to be known as lean construction.The concern regarding the status of construction industry is of vital importance for the industry is perceived as an indicator of the health of an economy since â€Å"no industries play a more vital role than housing, energies, and autos†. In fact, â€Å"Construction is hugely important to the economy accounting in 2002 for 8.2% of both Gross Value Added and Gross Domestic Product with output at  £102.4 billion in 2004 current prices†Ã‚